diff --git a/src/main/java/com/runtimematrix/domain/exception/BusinessException.java b/src/main/java/com/runtimematrix/domain/exception/BusinessException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78fe91b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/runtimematrix/domain/exception/BusinessException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package com.runtimematrix.domain.exception;
+
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+
+/**
+ * 비즈니스 로직 수행 중 발생하는 예외의 기본 클래스.
+ * 모든 도메인 예외는 이 클래스를 상속한다.
+ */
+public abstract class BusinessException extends RuntimeException {
+
+    private final String errorCode;
+    private final String resourceId;
+
+    protected BusinessException(String errorCode, String message, String resourceId) {
+        super(message);
+        this.errorCode = errorCode;
+        this.resourceId = resourceId;
+    }
+
+    public String getErrorCode() { return errorCode; }
+    public String getResourceId() { return resourceId; }
+    public abstract int getHttpStatus();
+    public String getType() { return "https://api.runtimematrix.com/errors/" + errorCode; }
+
+    /** 역할 미존재 예외 */
+    public static class RoleNotFoundException extends BusinessException {
+        private static final String CODE = "role-not-found";
+        public RoleNotFoundException(String roleId) {
+            super(CODE, MessageFormat.format("ID가 ''{0}''인 역할을 찾을 수 없습니다.", roleId), roleId);
+        }
+        @Override public int getHttpStatus() { return 404; }
+    }
+
+    /** 역할 중복 예외 */
+    public static class RoleAlreadyExistsException extends BusinessException {
+        private static final String CODE = "role-already-exists";
+        public RoleAlreadyExistsException(String roleName) {
+            super(CODE, MessageFormat.format("이름이 ''{0}''인 역할이 이미 존재합니다.", roleName), roleName);
+        }
+        @Override public int getHttpStatus() { return 409; }
+    }
+}