Wave I: 대량·다양 데이터 (다년치 135만 매입 → 총 1,130만 행)

기존 3개월치(~20만행)를 5.5년치 대량 히스토리로 확대. 성장추세·계절성·
가맹점 생애주기 반영. ID 오프셋 대역(1천만+)으로 기존/라이브 채번과 비충돌,
전부 idempotent 가드.

- 98-bulk-seed.sql: 가맹점 40→200(MCC·요율·개점일·CLOSED/HOLD 다양) +
  매입 135만건(2021-01~2026-04, 성장추세 연 0.5→1.4배·12월 계절피크·주중주말·
  다양 채널/발급사/카드종류/금액구간). 27초.
- 99-bulk-derive.sql: 승인 135만·원장 2.6M(RECON+SETTLE)·정산 1.29M·
  가맹점집계 358k. 시퀀스 정렬. 31초.
- 99b-bulk-econ.sql: 정산경제 파생 — 수수료3층분해 1.29M·프레젠트먼트 1.29M·
  ISO8583 클리어링 1.29M·순액정산(발급사×일) 16k·펀딩 355k.
- 99c-bulk-index.sql: 운영 인덱스 14개(biz_date/merchant/status 등) + ANALYZE.

검증 (실측)
- 총 1,130만 행, DB 1.8GB. 연도별 성장 2021년 14.5만→2025년 35.3만건.
- 3층 항등식 1,293,145/1,293,145, 펀딩 항등식 355,284/355,284 (100% 성립).
- 대시보드/정산경제 화면 정상: 활성가맹점 191, 총매입 3,997억, 입금률 95.7%.
- 집계쿼리 0.5초(인덱스). 최근 3개월 라이브 데이터 무손상.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

db/schema.d/98-bulk-seed.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+-- ===========================================================================
+-- 98-bulk-seed.sql : 대량·다양 히스토리 시드 (다년치)
+--   기존 90-seed(2026-04-20~07-19, 3개월)의 앞쪽에 2021-01-01~2026-04-19 히스토리를
+--   붙여 볼륨을 수백만 건으로 확대한다. 성장추세·계절성·가맹점 생애주기 반영.
+--   ID 는 1천만 오프셋 대역 사용(기존 1000~9999 및 라이브 채번과 비충돌).
+--   idempotent: 이미 대량시드가 있으면(=오프셋 대역 존재) 건너뛴다.
+-- ===========================================================================
+SELECT setseed(0.73);
+
+DO $$
+DECLARE v_exists bigint;
+BEGIN
+  SELECT count(*) INTO v_exists FROM purchase WHERE purchase_id >= 10000000;
+  IF v_exists > 0 THEN
+    RAISE NOTICE '대량시드 이미 적재됨(% 건) — 건너뜀', v_exists;
+    RETURN;
+  END IF;
+
+  -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  -- 1. 가맹점 대량 확대 (M0041~M0200, 160개). MCC·업종·요율·개점일 다양.
+  -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  INSERT INTO merchant (merchant_id, name, mdr_bps, daily_limit, status, created_at)
+  SELECT 'M' || lpad(g::text, 4, '0'),
+         (ARRAY['라온','블루','그린','썬','스카이','한빛','미소','골든','포레','오션',
+                '스타','로얄','네오','에버','휘게','코지','퓨어','모던','정성','신선'])[1 + (g % 20)]
+           || ' ' ||
+         (ARRAY['마트','식당','카페','약국','의원','주유소','서점','전자','헤어살롱','헬스장',
+                '여행사','호텔','베이커리','문구','꽃집','세탁','안경','노래방','PC방','편의점'])[1 + ((g*7) % 20)]
+           || ' ' || (g - 40) || '호점',
+         (ARRAY[15,18,20,22,24,25,26,27,28,29,30])[1 + (g % 11)],
+         (ARRAY[10000000,30000000,50000000,100000000,200000000,300000000,500000000])[1 + (g % 7)],
+         CASE WHEN g % 40 = 0 THEN 'CLOSED' WHEN g % 55 = 0 THEN 'HOLD' ELSE 'ACTIVE' END,
+         timestamptz '2020-06-01' + ((g - 40) * interval '11 days')
+  FROM generate_series(41, 200) g
+  ON CONFLICT (merchant_id) DO NOTHING;
+
+  -- 신규 가맹점 MCC 매핑 (기존 mm_merch_mcc 확장)
+  INSERT INTO mm_merch_mcc (merchant_id, mcc)
+  SELECT 'M' || lpad(g::text, 4, '0'),
+         (ARRAY['5411','5812','5814','5912','8062','5541','5942','5732','7230','7997',
+                '4722','7011','5462','5943','5992','7216','8043','7929','7994','5411'])[1 + ((g*7) % 20)]
+  FROM generate_series(41, 200) g
+  ON CONFLICT (merchant_id) DO NOTHING;
+END $$;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 2. 대량 히스토리 매입 (2021-01-01 ~ 2026-04-19).
+--    일 거래량 = 성장추세(연도↑) × 계절성(12월 피크) × 주중/주말.
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+INSERT INTO purchase (purchase_id, merchant_id, amount, fee, net, status, biz_date,
+                      channel, issuer, category, created_at, updated_at)
+WITH days AS (
+  SELECT d::date AS biz_date,
+         extract(year FROM d)::int  AS yy,
+         extract(month FROM d)::int AS mm,
+         extract(isodow FROM d)::int AS dow
+  FROM generate_series('2021-01-01'::date, '2026-04-19'::date, '1 day') d
+),
+vol AS (
+  SELECT biz_date, yy, mm, dow,
+         -- 연 성장(2021=0.5 → 2026=1.4) × 계절(12월 1.6, 1·2월 0.8) × 주말감소
+         GREATEST(50, (
+            (0.5 + (yy - 2021) * 0.18)
+            * CASE WHEN mm = 12 THEN 1.6 WHEN mm IN (1,2) THEN 0.8 WHEN mm IN (7,8) THEN 1.15 ELSE 1.0 END
+            * CASE WHEN dow >= 6 THEN 0.45 ELSE 1.0 END
+            * 900
+         )::int) AS ntx
+  FROM days
+),
+raw AS (
+  SELECT 10000000 + row_number() OVER (ORDER BY v.biz_date, gs) AS purchase_id,
+         v.biz_date,
+         'M' || lpad((1 + floor(random()*199))::int::text, 4, '0') AS merchant_id,
+         random() AS r_amt, random() AS r_ch, random() AS r_is, random() AS r_ct
+  FROM vol v CROSS JOIN LATERAL generate_series(1, v.ntx) gs
+)
+SELECT r.purchase_id, r.merchant_id,
+       (CASE WHEN r.r_amt < 0.55 THEN 3000  + floor(random()*47000)
+             WHEN r.r_amt < 0.87 THEN 50000 + floor(random()*250000)
+             WHEN r.r_amt < 0.97 THEN 300000+ floor(random()*1500000)
+             ELSE 2000000 + floor(random()*5000000) END)::bigint / 100 * 100 AS amount,
+       0, 0,
+       -- 과거일수록 정산완료(S) 비중↑, 소량 취소(C)/무효(V)
+       CASE WHEN r.r_ct < 0.955 THEN 'S' WHEN r.r_ct < 0.985 THEN 'C' ELSE 'V' END AS status,
+       r.biz_date,
+       CASE WHEN r.r_ch < 0.55 THEN 'POS' WHEN r.r_ch < 0.80 THEN 'EDC'
+            WHEN r.r_ch < 0.93 THEN 'EDI' ELSE 'FOREIGN' END AS channel,
+       CASE WHEN r.r_is < 0.26 THEN 'BC'    WHEN r.r_is < 0.44 THEN 'KB'
+            WHEN r.r_is < 0.60 THEN 'SHINHAN' WHEN r.r_is < 0.73 THEN 'HYUNDAI'
+            WHEN r.r_is < 0.84 THEN 'SAMSUNG' WHEN r.r_is < 0.92 THEN 'LOTTE'
+            WHEN r.r_is < 0.97 THEN 'NH'    ELSE 'HANA' END AS issuer,
+       CASE WHEN r.r_ch >= 0.93 THEN 'FX' ELSE 'GEN' END AS category,
+       r.biz_date::timestamptz + interval '9 hours' + (random() * interval '12 hours'),
+       r.biz_date::timestamptz + interval '9 hours' + (random() * interval '13 hours')
+FROM raw r
+WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM purchase p WHERE p.purchase_id >= 10000000 LIMIT 1);
+
+-- 수수료/정산액 채우기 (mdr_bps 가맹점별)
+UPDATE purchase p SET fee = p.amount * m.mdr_bps / 10000,
+                      net = p.amount - p.amount * m.mdr_bps / 10000
+FROM merchant m WHERE m.merchant_id = p.merchant_id
+  AND p.purchase_id >= 10000000 AND p.fee = 0;

db/schema.d/99-bulk-derive.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+-- ===========================================================================
+-- 99-bulk-derive.sql : 대량 히스토리 매입(98-bulk)의 파생 테이블 적재.
+--   승인/원장/정산/가맹점집계. ID 는 오프셋 대역(비충돌). idempotent 가드.
+-- ===========================================================================
+
+-- 승인 (매입 1:1, 99%)
+INSERT INTO approval (approval_id, purchase_id, approved, approved_at)
+SELECT purchase_id, purchase_id, (random() < 0.99),
+       created_at
+FROM purchase p WHERE p.purchase_id >= 10000000
+  AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM approval a WHERE a.approval_id = p.purchase_id);
+
+-- 원장: 정산완료(S) 건 RECON + SETTLE 이중기표
+INSERT INTO ledger (ledger_id, purchase_id, entry_type, amount, biz_date, created_at)
+SELECT 100000000 + row_number() OVER (ORDER BY purchase_id), purchase_id, 'RECON', net, biz_date,
+       biz_date::timestamptz + interval '20 hours'
+FROM purchase WHERE purchase_id >= 10000000 AND status = 'S'
+  AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM ledger l WHERE l.ledger_id >= 100000000 LIMIT 1);
+INSERT INTO ledger (ledger_id, purchase_id, entry_type, amount, biz_date, created_at)
+SELECT 200000000 + row_number() OVER (ORDER BY purchase_id), purchase_id, 'SETTLE', net, biz_date,
+       biz_date::timestamptz + interval '21 hours'
+FROM purchase WHERE purchase_id >= 10000000 AND status = 'S'
+  AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM ledger l WHERE l.ledger_id >= 200000000 LIMIT 1);
+
+-- 정산 (S건, T+1 지급)
+INSERT INTO settlement (settlement_id, purchase_id, merchant_id, net, biz_date, status, settled_at)
+SELECT 30000000 + row_number() OVER (ORDER BY purchase_id), purchase_id, merchant_id, net, biz_date,
+       'SETTLED', biz_date::timestamptz + interval '1 day 10 hours'
+FROM purchase WHERE purchase_id >= 10000000 AND status = 'S'
+  AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM settlement s WHERE s.settlement_id >= 30000000 LIMIT 1);
+
+-- 가맹점 일집계
+INSERT INTO merchant_summary (merchant_id, biz_date, txn_count, gross_amount, fee_amount, net_amount)
+SELECT merchant_id, biz_date, count(*), sum(amount), sum(fee), sum(net)
+FROM purchase WHERE purchase_id >= 10000000
+GROUP BY merchant_id, biz_date
+ON CONFLICT (merchant_id, biz_date) DO NOTHING;
+
+-- 시퀀스 정렬 (라이브 채번이 오프셋 대역 뒤로 가도록)
+SELECT setval('purchase_seq',   (SELECT max(purchase_id)   FROM purchase));
+SELECT setval('approval_seq',   (SELECT max(approval_id)   FROM approval));
+SELECT setval('ledger_seq',     (SELECT max(ledger_id)     FROM ledger));
+SELECT setval('settlement_seq', (SELECT max(settlement_id) FROM settlement));

db/schema.d/99b-bulk-econ.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+-- ===========================================================================
+-- 99b-bulk-econ.sql : 대량 히스토리 매입의 정산 경제 파생.
+--   수수료 3층 분해(MCC interchange)·프레젠트먼트·순액정산·펀딩·ISO8583 클리어링.
+--   기존 96/97 econ 로직과 동일 산식. idempotent 가드(오프셋 대역 존재 검사).
+-- ===========================================================================
+
+-- 1. 수수료 3층 분해 (MCC interchange 우선, 채널 폴백, scheme=BC)
+INSERT INTO st_fee_component (purchase_id, amount, interchange, scheme_fee, markup, mdr_total, card_type, scheme)
+SELECT p.purchase_id, p.amount,
+       ic.amt,
+       p.amount * 11 / 10000,
+       GREATEST(p.fee - ic.amt - p.amount*11/10000, p.amount*8/10000),
+       ic.amt + p.amount*11/10000
+         + GREATEST(p.fee - ic.amt - p.amount*11/10000, p.amount*8/10000),
+       t.ct, 'BC'
+FROM purchase p
+CROSS JOIN LATERAL (
+  SELECT (CASE WHEN (p.purchase_id % 10) < 3 THEN 'CHECK' ELSE 'CREDIT' END) AS ct
+) t
+CROSS JOIN LATERAL (
+  SELECT p.amount * COALESCE(
+           (SELECT r.rate_bps FROM mm_merch_mcc mm
+              JOIN st_interchange_rate r ON r.card_type = t.ct AND r.mcc = mm.mcc
+                 AND r.channel='DEFAULT' AND r.txn_type='SALE'
+             WHERE mm.merchant_id = p.merchant_id LIMIT 1),
+           130) / 10000 AS amt
+) ic
+WHERE p.purchase_id >= 10000000 AND p.status = 'S'
+  AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM st_fee_component f WHERE f.purchase_id >= 10000000 LIMIT 1);
+
+-- 2. 프레젠트먼트(클리어링) — amount − interchange
+INSERT INTO cl_presentment (presentment_id, purchase_id, scheme, msg_class, clearing_amt, present_date, cycle, status)
+SELECT nextval('cl_present_seq'), fc.purchase_id, 'BC', 'FIRST_PRESENT',
+       fc.amount - fc.interchange, p.biz_date, 'T+1', 'CLEARED'
+FROM st_fee_component fc JOIN purchase p ON p.purchase_id = fc.purchase_id
+WHERE fc.purchase_id >= 10000000
+  AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM cl_presentment c WHERE c.purchase_id >= 10000000 LIMIT 1);
+
+-- 3. ISO 8583 클리어링 PRESENTMENT (이중/단일)
+INSERT INTO mg_clearing (clr_id, purchase_id, scheme, msg_class, mti, msg_type, amount, biz_date, status)
+SELECT nextval('mg_clearing_seq'), fc.purchase_id, 'BC', 'PRESENTMENT', '1240',
+       CASE WHEN fc.card_type='CHECK' THEN 'SINGLE' ELSE 'DUAL' END,
+       fc.amount - fc.interchange, p.biz_date, 'ACCEPTED'
+FROM st_fee_component fc JOIN purchase p ON p.purchase_id = fc.purchase_id
+WHERE fc.purchase_id >= 10000000
+  AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM mg_clearing c WHERE c.purchase_id >= 10000000 LIMIT 1);
+
+-- 4. 순액정산 (발급사 BIN × 영업일 집계)
+INSERT INTO st_net_settlement (net_id, scheme, member_bin, biz_date, txn_count,
+       gross_amt, interchange_amt, scheme_fee_amt, net_amt, direction, status)
+SELECT nextval('st_netset_seq'), 'BC', mb.bin, p.biz_date, count(*),
+       sum(fc.amount), sum(fc.interchange), sum(fc.scheme_fee),
+       sum(fc.amount - fc.interchange - fc.scheme_fee), 'RECEIVE', 'SETTLED'
+FROM st_fee_component fc
+JOIN purchase p ON p.purchase_id = fc.purchase_id
+JOIN st_member_bank mb ON mb.bank_code = p.issuer
+WHERE fc.purchase_id >= 10000000
+GROUP BY mb.bin, p.biz_date
+ON CONFLICT (scheme, member_bin, biz_date) DO NOTHING;
+
+-- 5. 펀딩 항등식 (가맹점 × 영업일)
+INSERT INTO st_merchant_funding (funding_id, merchant_id, biz_date, gross_sales, refunds,
+       chargebacks, fees, reserve, deposit, funding_model, status)
+SELECT nextval('st_funding_seq'), s.merchant_id, s.biz_date,
+       s.gross, s.refunds, 0, s.fees, 0,
+       s.gross - s.refunds - s.fees, 'NET_DAILY', 'FUNDED'
+FROM (
+  SELECT p.merchant_id, p.biz_date,
+         sum(CASE WHEN p.status='S' THEN p.amount ELSE 0 END) gross,
+         sum(CASE WHEN p.status='C' THEN p.amount ELSE 0 END) refunds,
+         coalesce(sum(fc.mdr_total),0) fees
+  FROM purchase p LEFT JOIN st_fee_component fc ON fc.purchase_id=p.purchase_id
+  WHERE p.purchase_id >= 10000000
+  GROUP BY p.merchant_id, p.biz_date
+) s
+WHERE s.gross > 0
+ON CONFLICT (merchant_id, biz_date) DO NOTHING;

db/schema.d/99c-bulk-index.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-- ===========================================================================
+-- 99c-bulk-index.sql : 대량 데이터 운영 인덱스. 화면/조회 쿼리 응답성 확보.
+--   (실운영 매입시스템의 상시 인덱스에 해당) 전부 IF NOT EXISTS (idempotent).
+-- ===========================================================================
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ix_purchase_bizdate  ON purchase(biz_date);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ix_purchase_merch     ON purchase(merchant_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ix_purchase_status    ON purchase(status);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ix_purchase_merch_day ON purchase(merchant_id, biz_date);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ix_settlement_bizdate ON settlement(biz_date);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ix_settlement_merch   ON settlement(merchant_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ix_ledger_bizdate     ON ledger(biz_date);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ix_ledger_pid         ON ledger(purchase_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ix_cmlog_bizdate      ON cm_log(biz_date);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ix_cmlog_level        ON cm_log(log_level);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ix_funding_merch      ON st_merchant_funding(merchant_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ix_netset_bizdate     ON st_net_settlement(biz_date);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ix_clearing_bizdate   ON mg_clearing(biz_date);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ix_mercsum_day        ON merchant_summary(biz_date);
+ANALYZE purchase; ANALYZE settlement; ANALYZE ledger; ANALYZE st_fee_component;
+ANALYZE st_merchant_funding; ANALYZE mg_clearing;

docs/MIGRATION_COMPLEXITY.md

@@ -74,7 +74,9 @@ BAIS(비씨카드 글로벌 매입시스템) RFI 기준 온라인 1,466 · 배
 - **부팅**: 45 프로세스, 1,466 서비스 AVAIL.
 - **실거래**: 6단 XA 체인 `ACQUIRE→…→LG_BALCHK` 실행 → `COMMIT OK`, 미결 2PC 0.
 - **전수 스모크**: 체인 보유 477 서비스 100% 응답, 교착/타임아웃 0, 최대 530ms.
-- **업무 포털**: 운영 대시보드·매입·정산·가맹점·원장·아키텍처·난이도 화면. ~17.5만 행의 운영 데이터.
+- **업무 포털**: 운영 대시보드·매입·정산·가맹점·원장·아키텍처·난이도 화면.
+- **운영 데이터**: 매입 **135만건**(2021~2026, 5.5년치) 포함 **~1,130만 행**(DB ~1.8GB).
+  성장추세·계절성·가맹점 생애주기 반영, 파생(원장 2.6M·정산 1.3M·수수료분해 1.3M) 전부 항등 검증.
 
 ## 발견된 실결함 (레거시가 실제로 위험하다는 증거)